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superdense coding
In quantum information theory, superdense coding is a technique used to send two bits of classical information using only one qubit. It is the inverse of quantum teleportation, which sends one qubit with two classical bits. Both superdense coding and quantum teleportation require, and use up, entanglement between the sender and receiver in the form of Bell pairs.
== Overview ==
Suppose Alice would like to send classical information to Bob using qubits, instead of classical bits. Alice would encode the classical information in a qubit and send it to Bob. After receiving the qubit, Bob recovers the classical information via measurement. The question is: how much classical information can be transmitted per qubit? Since non-orthogonal quantum states cannot be distinguished reliably , one would guess that Alice can do no better than one classical bit per qubit. Holevo's theorem discusses this bound on efficiency. Thus, there is no advantage gained in using qubits instead of classical bits . However, with the additional assumption that Alice and Bob share an entangled state, two classical bits per qubit can be achieved. The term ''superdense'' refers to this doubling of efficiency.
Also, it can be proved that the maximum amount of classical information that can be sent (even while using entangled state) using one qubit is 2 bits .
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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